Early detection of ovarian cancer remains a significant challenge in the medical field. Unlike some other cancers where screening tests like mammograms are effective in early detection, no such test exists for ovarian cancer.
Current methods primarily include a pelvic exam, transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), and the CA-125 blood test. However, the current methods are not efficient for population-based screening as there’s a lack of evidence to support the effectiveness of these screening methods in reducing ovarian cancer mortality.
Therefore, researchers are looking to improvise the effectiveness of the current available methods for early detection of ovarian cancer.
Moreover, for women at higher risk of ovarian cancer due to inherited genetic factors, consulting with a healthcare professional is strongly advised before making decisions regarding risk reduction strategies.
Let’s explore the current methods available for detecting ovarian cancer early.
It is important to note that the below tests are still being researched for improvements, as there is no clear evidence so far that these tests can pick up cancers early and save lives. Also, no major medical or professional organization recommends the routine use of TVUS or the CA-125 blood test, or any other tests, as there is no accurate test so far that can detect ovarian cancer early.Even though a woman is at high risk due to inherited genes, it has not been proven that using these tests for screening lowers their chances of dying from ovarian cancer.
Therefore, the below information is only provided to give a knowledge-based view regarding the current available tests, and better ways to screen for ovarian cancer are being researched. Currently, there are no reliable screening tests.
Pelvic exam
During a pelvic exam to check for ovarian cancer, a doctor or nurse uses their fingers to feel the size, shape, and position of the uterus and ovaries. They also check the vagina, cervix, Fallopian tubes, and rectum. This helps them detect any abnormalities or signs of cancer, such as unusual lumps or growths.
However, pelvic exams to screen for ovarian cancer have not been shown to decrease the number of deaths from the disease. Also, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of this exam to accurately detect ovarian cancer early.
CA-125 blood test
The CA125 blood test is commonly used to detect ovarian cancer by measuring the levels of CA125, a protein found in the bloodstream. However, it’s important to note that elevated CA125 levels can also occur due to non-cancerous conditions like menstruation, endometriosis, or ovarian cysts, leading to potential false alarms.
Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS)
Transvaginal ultrasound is a diagnostic procedure used to examine the female reproductive organs, including the uterus, ovaries, and cervix. Unlike traditional ultrasound, which is performed externally on the abdomen, transvaginal ultrasound involves inserting a small probe into the vagina for a closer and more detailed view of the pelvic organs. This method allows healthcare providers to detect abnormalities such as ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, or structural irregularities with greater precision.